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 Introduction to the electrical data interface of industrial camera in machine vision

  When it comes to the interface of industrial cameras, there are mainly two kinds: lens interface and electrical data interface.The data interface of industrial camera can be divided into two kinds: digital interface and analog interface.The data interface transmits the digital signal, and the analog interface transmits the analog signal.Digital signals have many advantages over analog signals, such as strong anti-interference ability, easy encryption, convenient subsequent processing, etc.As a result, today's high-end industrial cameras are basically digital interfaces.And the low - and middle - end monitoring equipment based on the cost and cost-effective reasons, basically using analog interface.Common electrical digital interfaces of industrial cameras include :USB interface, IEEE1394 interface, Coaxpress interface, Gige interface, Camera Link interface and special interface.

1. USB interface:

USB2.0 interface, released in 2000, is one of the earliest digital interfaces, with a transmission speed of 480Mbps, a communication distance of 5m, and 80% of the bandwidth used for image transmission.Industrial cameras with USB2.0 interfaces are a common type on the market, and many manufacturers produce cameras with this interface.Its advantage is that all computers are equipped with USB2.0 interface, easy to connect, do not need a collection card, the camera can be powered by USB cable;The disadvantage is that its transmission rate is slow, the theoretical speed is only 480MB (60MB), and USB2.0 does not have a standard protocol, the master-slave structure leads to high CPU utilization, bandwidth can not be guaranteed.The longest transmission distance of a single root is 5m, and the relay can reach 30 m. The transmission distance is close, and the signal attenuation is more serious.
The USB3.0 interface was released in 2008, with a transmission speed of 4.8Gbps, a communication distance of 10 meters, and 80% of the bandwidth used for image transmission.The design of USB 3.0 adds two sets of data buses on the basis of USB 2.0. In order to ensure downward compatibility, USB 3.0 retains one set of data buses of USB 2.0.Solve the problem of slow transmission speed, but the transmission distance is still relatively close.In terms of transmission Protocol, USB 3.0 supports the traditional BOT Protocol, and also adds the USB Attached SCSI Protocol (USAP), which can fully take advantage of the high speed bandwidth of 5Gbps.At the same time, the full duplex transmission mode is adopted to support simultaneous bidirectional data transmission.Host-led asynchronous transmission flow control that allows the device to notify the host when data transmission is ready;Outstanding real-time compatibility, high reliability.reliability.

2. The IEEE1394 interface:
1394 interface is also known as FireWire interface.The 1394 interface is mainly divided into 400MB 1394A interface and 800MB 1394B interface.The 1394A interface was released in 1995, with a transmission speed of 400Mbps and a communication distance of 4.5m.Mainly used in the field of video transmission.The 1394B interface was released in 2002, with a transmission speed of 800Mbps and a communication distance of 4.5m.Mainly used in the field of video transmission.
1394 interface, in the industrial field, the application is very extensive.The protocol, encoding mode are very good, the transmission speed is relatively stable, but because of the early Apple monopoly, resulting in its not widely used.1394A single 4.5m(S400), plus the relay up to 70m, if adjusted to S100 or S200, the transmission distance can be up to 25m or even longer.1394B single root 10m(S800), transfer to network transmission, with CAT5 line can reach 100m(S100);With CAT6 line, it can reach 60m in the case of S400;Switch to optical fiber transmission, up to 500M (S400/S800).
1394 interface features, support hot plug, support point-to-point communication, standard DCAM protocol, low CPU consumption, can be powered by 1394 bus.However, since the 1394 interface was not well popularized in the early stage, there is no corresponding interface at the current PC end. If you want to connect the corresponding camera, you need the acquisition card with the 1394 interface.At present 1394 interface has been gradually eliminated by the market.

3. CoaXPress (CXP) interface:
The CoAxPress interface was originally launched in 2008 by several companies in the industrial image processing industry to develop a fast data interface to support high-speed imaging applications and to enable the transmission of large amounts of data over longer distances.CXP1.0 was officially released in 2011 as a new interface standard.Since then, the standard has gained a foothold in industrial image processing.It was further developed as CoaxPress 2.0.

4. GigE Gigabit Ethernet interface:
By the AIA (AutomatdeImagingAssociation) to create and promote;Is a camera interface standard developed based on Gigabit Ethernet communication protocol.Ideal for industrial imaging applications, transmitting uncompressed video signals over a network.The first standard to transmit images over long distances using inexpensive cables.Even with hardware and software from different manufacturers, as long as it meets the Gigevision standard, it is possible to achieve a seamless Gigabit network connection.

Some industrial camera manufacturers use M12X-Coded 8 core connector interfaces to provide enhanced shielding while improving the waterproof effect of the equipment.The M12X-CODED8P connector replaces GigE's traditional GJ45 interface on high-end industrial cameras, increasing GigE's bandwidth to 10Gbit/s.GigE based advantages are improved.10Gige is ideal for high resolution 3D scanning, volume capture and precision metering.GigE and 10GigE can be combined in a variety of ways.Multiple GigE cameras can be connected to a single 10GigE switch, enabling multiple GigE cameras to run at full speed on a single 10GigE port on the host system.Since the CAT5E cable can only run at a distance of 30m for a 10GigE camera, it is recommended to use a generic Ethernet cable (CAT-6) and a standard M12X-CODED8 core connector.At present, 10GigE M12x-Coded 8P interface has gradually become the mainstream interface for fast connection.

5.Camera Link Interface:
CameraLink standard by the international association of automatic imaging (AutomatedImagingAssociaTIon, AIA) in 2000, introduced digital image signal communication interface protocol, is a serial communication protocol.Using LVDS interface standard, with fast speed, strong anti-jamming ability, low power consumption.It is based on the ChannelLink interface protocol of NSM.Based on Channel Link technology, some transmission control signals are added, and some related transmission standards are defined.The protocol adopts MDR-26 pin connector or SDR-26 pin connector, which has the characteristics of high speed, bandwidth up to 6400Mbps, strong anti-interference ability and low power consumption.Some versions require two transmission cables.The three main configurations available are: Basic (2.04Gbit/s), Intermediate (5.44Gbit/s), and Advanced/Extended (6.8Gbit/s).The basic standard uses the MDR (" MiniRibbon ") 26-pin connector, and the mid-range/full configuration uses two cables, doubling the power.The advanced/extended version goes beyond the limits set by Cameralink and can handle up to 6.8Gbit/s of data transfers.CameraLink and CXP interfaces also require image capture cards, and additionallyrequire compatibility with the power supply mode of CameraLink (POCL) standard for power supply.Cameralink lacks error correction or retransmission capabilities, requiring expensive and cumbersome cable setup to improve signal integrity in an effort to avoid image loss.
Camera Link interface , the actual application is relatively few.However, its transmission speed is one of the fastest industrial camera bus type.It is generally used in high resolution and high speed planar array cameras, or linear array cameras.

6. Special interface:
Some manufacturers in order to pursue product differentiation or product use environment and use special interface/connector.Special interfaces (power interface or I/O interface) that are more common on industrial cameras are Hirose Hirose's connectors, with 6 cores (HR10A-7P-6S) and 12 cores (HR10A-10P-12S), which are generally used for external power supply and control of GigE industrial cameras.
There are also M12 D-coded /coding 4-core connectors for 3D smart cameras as I/O interface, and M12a coded /coding 8-core, 12-core, 17-core connectors for intelligent industrial cameras as power interface.
Some of the more unusual interfaces are the Lemo push-pull self-locking connector and HDMI, VGA,RS232, etc.

  Shenzhen Tobeest technology co., LTD., specializing in the design and production of machine vision connectors and cables, industrial camera interface connectors and cables.